Energy flow within the ecosystem is quantified as t·km −2 ·a −1. The biomass data for each functional group were obtained from the 2019 ecological survey of the Liaohe Estuary salt marsh wetland, ...

Patterns of energy flow through different ecosystems may differ markedly in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (Shurin et al. 2006). Food webs (i.e., energy flow webs) can be used to reveal these ...