The history of ideas that led to the first formalization of the syntax and semantics of PL/I is sketched. The definition method and notation are known as the Vienna Definition Language (VDL). The ...

Meta-programming tools are developed to demonstrate the advantage of a formal definition of programming languages syntax and semantics to "reason about code". These software tools are also used as ...

This paper presents a formal definition of Alan. Alan is a programming language that aims to integrate both the agent-oriented and the object-oriented programming. The end is to take advantages from ...