There have been some attempts over the years to put a number on the energy efficiency of specific programming languages, with a paper by Rui Pereira et al. from 2021 (preprint PDF) as published in ...

Programming languages have been around for more than 30 years in the computer industry. They're what help developers and engineers create all the applications and websites we interact with daily.

The TIOBE Programming Community Index shows year-over-year trends in programming languages based on search engine volume. In January 2024, the top three programming languages were Python, C and C++.

Programming languages: These top four rule and developers are happy - for now Programmers are happy with their choices – and innovation has moved to other areas of technology, for the time being.

Programming languages: C++ overtakes PHP, but JavaScript, Python and Java still rule While the most used programming languages remain stable, there's quite a lot of change elsewhere.