Figure 1. Lawrence AGC Pap smears, January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2009, and delayed diagnoses. *Confirmed CIN 2/CIN 3/CIS.

Generally, Pap tests are repeated if the result is ASC-US or lower and if the patient is not high-risk (e.g., HIV-positive). If the Pap test result is higher than ASC-US, diagnostic tests need to ...

Although Pap smears are a useful diagnostic tool, they can also produce &false negative& results, meaning that test results are normal when cervical dysplasia is present.

For Pap smear screening, the preclinical duration was the combined duration of CIN and microinvasive cervical cancer, a period estimated at 15 years on average (Gustafsson and Adami, 1989; van ...

But two patients had CIN 3 abnormalities, often called pre-cancer because it is considered the same as carcinoma in situ. That means cancer has not yet spread to deeper tissues.

A sample of cells (biopsy) may be taken for testing. The biopsy results may indicate cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (another term for dysplasia), which is graded as CIN I, II or III.

In one study, 93% of women aged 16 to 23 years with normal Pap smear test results but who were positive for types 16 and 18 HPV—the most likely subtypes to cause cancerous changes—had cleared ...

Despite the widespread use of cervical cancer screening with a Pap smear, it was estimated that approximately 12,820 women in the United States would develop, and 4210 would die, from cervical ...

Based on a total of 15 cases, the authors found that the cumulative incidence of CIN-2+ over 5 years of follow-up was 2 percent in HIV-infected women with CD4 cell count less than 350 cells/µL, 2 ...

Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) is a common abnormal Pap result. It does not mean that you have cancer. Learn more about LSIL, symptoms, follow-up tests, and whether you’ll need ...

b CIN 2 or CIN 3 on biopsy. c One of 2 subjects was lost to follow-up after 2 HSIL Pap smears, that is, had repeated high-grade cytology only. The other was confirmed to be CIN 2/CIN 3/CIS.