By translating complex automation logic into plain language, control narratives ensure clear communication between technical ...

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) have design features to enable operations, such as real-time control of physical processes. These features have weaknesses, making PLCs vulnerable to attacks ...

The article illustrates techniques for generating parallel logic outputs with industrial serialized digital inputs.

Petri Nets (PN) modeling has been proposed as an alternative to Ladder Logic Diagram (LLD) modeling to program complex programmable logic controllers (PLCs) due to its high level of abstraction and ...