Pinout Labels: All relevant ATmega328P pins (P0–P28) are clearly labeled, along with their corresponding Arduino Uno pins for ease of use. Oscillator and Reset Circuit: Includes a crystal oscillator ...

If you’re new to the world of Arduino, here’s what you need to know about the ATmega328P before using the board: 1. The ATmega328P is a powerful chip The ATmega328P is based on the AVR architecture, ...

a. avr-gcc calls avr-gcc compiler. b. -Os in simple words, Optimize the output file for Size. c. DF_CPU= defines the MCU system clock which is indeed the 16MHz for the Arduino-Uno. d. -mmcu=atmega328p ...