To be exact, version, 2.2, Froyo, runs on top of the 2.6.32 Linux kernel. To quote from the Android developer page, Dalvik, Android’s Java-based interface and user-space, uses the “Linux ...

Android 12—which will be out any day now—promises to bring Android closer than ever to mainline Linux by shipping Google's "Generic Kernel Image" (GKI) to end-users.

The earliest versions of Android were based on Linux 2.6, which was released in 2003. At the time of writing, your Android smartphone is almost certainly running a Linux kernel based on version 4 ...

Android is built on top of the Linux kernel, but it has always used a heavily-modified version with changes from OEMs, chip manufacturers like Qualcomm and MediaTek, and Google.

For Android, Google grabs a Linux LTS kernel and changes it into the "Android Common" kernel. This can then go to an SoC vendor like Qualcomm, which modifies it to work on a particular SoC.

First up is Google, which forks the mainline kernel into "Android common" adding Android-specific changes. This is then forked by System-On-Chip ( SoC ) vendors like Qualcomm, and Samsung , to ...

Future versions of Android will be more resilient to exploits thanks to developers’ efforts to integrate the latest Linux kernel defenses into the operating system. Android’s security model ...

Since Linux is open source and Android is open source it is possible to build a version of Android with a tweaked kernel, one that uses different settings than the default kernel.

"Upstream Linux introduced software emulation for PAN in kernel version 4.3 for ARM and 4.10 in ARM64. We have backported both features to Android kernels starting from 3.18," notes Tolvanen.