3.1 KNN graphs. Given 3D point cloud data, the model forms a set of KNN graphs, where the nodes represent 3D points, and each node is connected to its k closest nodes using edges. The parameter k ...

In this paper, we present a novel technique called Point Cloud Graph Attention Network (PCGattnNet) to detect face presentation attacks using 3D point clouds captured from a smartphone. The innovative ...

Specifically, we exploit an external knowledge base as a baseline to accumulate both contextualized visual content and textual facts to form a 3D spatial multimodal knowledge graph. Moreover, we ...