Figure 1: Dynamically typed languages such as Python perform type checking at runtime, which can slow performance compared to statically typed languages such as Java. At the same time, a Python ...

On the contrary, in dynamically typed languages, the type of an object is determined at runtime — only at the time when a value is assigned to the type. Python, Ruby, and JavaScript are examples ...

The optimisation of dynamic language runtimes has emerged as a critical research area in computer science, addressing the inherent challenges posed by languages whose types are resolved at runtime.