Porter's Five Forces is an analytical framework that helps ... for a Delta flight with the same start and endpoints. Examples of substitutes are making the trip by train, car, or bus.

In intensely competitive industries, all or most of the five forces have a strong influence. The fast food industry is Porter's own example, which still remains the case. In this sector ...

This study examines strategic portfolio management in the pharmaceutical industry using Porter’s "Five Competitive Forces" framework. Substitutes can decrease the attractiveness of existing products, ...