Two process control signaling schemes were to be supported — the 0 to 10 VDC analog signal, and the venerable 4-20 mA current loop. All that’s needed for both outputs is an Arduino and an ...

Mike: Nearly every analog instrument uses the 4-20 mA loop. Field transmitters, positioners, and variable frequency drives ...

Closed-loop control troubleshooting By Jacques Smuts, PhD, PE Automation Basics Summary By Jacques Smuts, PhD, PE Every plant in the process industry most likely has several control loops that do not ...

One segment of a process control system. An open-loop control process requires human intervention, whereas a closed-loop system is entirely automated (see PID). See process control. THIS ...

APC paradigm now more affordable, agile, scalable, and reliable By Allan Kern, PE In this article, as in industry, advanced process control (APC) refers primarily to multi-variable control.

PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...

If you would prefer to streamline the process, look for an automation-as-a-service business that can not only offer managed services but also provide an outsourced human-in-the-loop. 4.

Overlay process control schemes in 1x nm DRAM include a high frequency ADI feedback loop, typically based on optical targets located in the scribe line. Lower frequency AEI sampling is used for ...