Instead of Circuit Theory, gain equations are extracted from a Signal Flow Graph (SFG) by Mason’s Gain Formula. Voltage Signal Analysis (VSA) creates a SFG from the Circuit Schematic. Both the ...

Draw the signal flow graph Assignment of values to the branches Assignment of input and output node Solve the signal flow graph to get the transfer function Listing all forward paths, individual loops ...

Try to look for signal flow in the schematic. The inputs send signals thru the input impedances to the op-amp. The op-amp output sends a feedback signal thru Zf to the inverting input. Signal flow ...