To understand the quadratic sieve algorithm, we need some basic concepts from number theory, such as congruences, residues, and quadratic forms. A congruence is an equation that holds for some ...

Designing secure outsourcing schemes enables resource-constrained IoT devices to perform highly complex computational tasks. Solving the quadratic congruence problem is one of the core components in ...

Before students are presented with the quadratic formula, they’re taught a simpler method to solve certain equations. For simplicity, we’ll consider an equation where a = 1. x ² – 4 x – 5 = 0 ...