In a closed-loop setup, the engine circulates engine coolant (typically a 50-50 mix of antifreeze and distilled water) through its water jacket, just like a car engine. Instead of dumping raw ...

Errors for all closed-loop sensors remain within 0.5%, while errors for open-loop sensors range from 2.5% to 7.5%. Again, the closed-loop sensor is 2.5 to 11 times better than open-loop type.