With open-loop therapies, ... Their median age was 13.2 years. 7,088 used a hybrid closed-loop system and 6,834 used an open-loop system. The median observation time was 1.6 years.

Open-loop systems eliminate this limitation by providing a shared infrastructure, allowing transactions between different providers while maintaining security, compliance, and affordability.

Several global trends emerged from the 100+ agencies surveyed: — Mobile ticketing is on the rise: 58% of agencies now support app-based fare payment. Europe leads, with 86% adoption. — Open-loop ...