R 1 ‘s voltage drop limits the zener diode’s voltage value that the circuit measures. If R 1 ‘s value is 1Ω, then the voltage drop across it is insignificant and, in millivolts, is equal to the zener ...

The voltage across this resistor is determined by the base voltage at Q1. The collector (LED load) current is essentially the same as the emitter current. Since the voltage at the base of Q1 is ...

You can use these steps to test a Zener diode circuit: measure the output voltage with a multimeter and compare it with the Zener voltage; measure the current through the series resistor and ...

For example, I could change out R3 and R4 for a resistor and a Zener diode or even a few regular diodes and get a voltage that didn’t depend on the supply voltage.

The main circuit is powered by your 13.8 V bench supply, but part of the circuit needs 9 V. You dig into your stash to find your last LM7809 voltage regulator, but all you have is a bunch of ...

The circuit values shown limit the forward current to a safe 150 A and maximum reverse voltage to 1.2 V. Some simple modifications to the circuit can change these limits. Sponsored Recommendations ...

The easiest and cheapest way is to place a current limiting resistor in series with the LED to control the current, preventing it from exceeding the maximum rated current. This LED resistor calculator ...

An improved current-mirror LED driver is presented in this paper. Incorporating a super-diode configuration, this circuit selects a reference current automatically to prevent transistor saturation ...

This is the first basic LED circuit I built many years ago in my school days and had given me immense pleasure to see glowing LED. For building this circuit you only need four things: LED- 1; Resistor ...

3. The TI LM4040 2.5-V voltage-reference curve shows its high voltage accuracy even when biased well below 100 µA. Using the same 12-V example as above, but with 75 µA for I z instead of 5 mA ...