The second best-paid programming role was full-stack developer, which pays £53,500 on average, rising to £60,300. That's up 5.6% on last year and 18.8% up on 2016.

Half of organizations that use or deploy Java-based applications and infrastructure also use Java to code AI functionality, according to the Azul 2025 State of Java report.

The hit programming language Python has climbed over once-dominant Java to become the second most popular language on Microsoft-owned open-source code-sharing site GitHub. Python now outranks Java ...