This paper deals with the computation of reciprocals, square roots, inverse square roots, and some elementary functions using small tables, small multipliers, and, for some functions, a final "large" ...

Vector graph or chart of square root function with formula or equation f(x) = √x. The area of a square to side length. The mathematical operation, basic function. Graph with grid and coordinates. The ...

The design method of ZD is based on an indefinite error-monitoring function called the Zhang function (ZF), instead of the conventional norm-based scalar-valued energy function. In this paper, ...