Check that the inputs transform into the outputs via the process steps as shown in the model. Often, it can be helpful to ...

All systems can be understood using an input-process-output (IPO) model, and the system we call “innovation” is no exception. This model is likely familiar to you from information technology ...

O3-pro is a version of OpenAI’s o3, a reasoning model that the startup launched earlier this year. As opposed to conventional ...

Compare that to the regular GPT-4o pricing which is $5 per million input tokens and $15 per million output, or even the new GPT-4o mini at $0.15 per million input and $0.60 per million output, and ...

Input tokens range from $0.07 to $0.55 depending on caching and time of day, while output ranges from $1.10 to $2.19. Discounted rates during off-peak hours bring prices down even further, to as ...

Even more striking, the o3-mini model costs just $1.10 per million input tokens and $4.40 per million output tokens, making it cheaper than even GPT-4o while providing much stronger performance on ...

For example, while Opus 4 beats Google’s Gemini 2.5 Pro and OpenAI’s o3 and GPT-4.1 on SWE-bench Verified, which is designed to evaluate a model’s coding abilities, it can’t surpass o3 on ...