4 Calculator design To design a circuit diagram for a simple calculator, you need to decide on the input and output formats, the number of bits and the functions you want to include.

The input impedance of a.c.-coupled op amp circuits depends almost entirely on the resistance that sets the d.c. operating point. If CMOS op amps are used, the input is high, in current op amps up to ...

Additionally, follow the conventions of the circuit type and audience; for example, in a wiring diagram use the standard color codes for wires like black for ground and red for power.

Block diagrams are clear, simple diagrams showing all of the input, process and output elements that make up the system being designed. They are easy to read and show how the circuit will work.

We use circuit symbols to draw diagrams of electrical circuits, with straight lines to show the wires. The diagram shows some common circuit symbols. Make sure you know the difference between ...

The paper deals with the DC circuits including bipolar transistors represented by the Ebers-Moll model. An important question, how to determine specific multi-valued input-output characteristics, is ...