They are "collision-resistant," ensuring that different inputs do not map to the same output hash. It should be difficult to guess the input value for a hash function from its output.

Typical hash functions take inputs of variable lengths to return outputs of a fixed length. A cryptographic hash function combines the message-passing capabilities of hash functions with security ...

In mathematics, a "well-defined" function is one where there is only 1 output for a given input (as a side note, you can have only single input functions, and still semantically get multiple ...

The Rosenbrock function, also referred to as the Valley or Banana function, is a popular test problem for gradient-based optimization algorithms. It is shown in the plot above in its two-dimensional ...

Yokogawa's FG400 series of function generators generate basic (sine, square, pulse, ramp) and arbitrary waveforms. Sine wave frequency range is 0.01 µHz to 30 MHz with voltages from 20 V PP open ...