Learn what function block diagrams (FBDs) are, why they are beneficial, and how to use them in your PLC programming with examples and tips.

For example, in some software, you can create a new ladder diagram file and assign it as a subroutine or a function. In others, you can use a specific instruction or block to define a subroutine ...

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The most common technique used for modeling linear, time-invariant systems is the block diagram, with the mathematical model represented as a transfer function. As an example of the first situation - ...

Ladder logic continues to be the dominant language for programming PLCs, accounting for more than 81% of the global market, despite the availability of several other languages defined in the IEC 61131 ...

However, there is no reason to assume that an attacker would not be interested in hiding malicious payload into a PLC program before it is compiled to machine code.In this paper, I present five ...