This narrowing of the esophagus is known as esophageal stricture, and it can make it tough to swallow. This difficulty passing foods and liquids into the stomach can also lead to breathing ...

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but it sometimes causes damage to the esophagus in the form of esophagitis, ulcers, difficulty or pain when swallowing, strictures (narrowing), esophageal spasm, and Barrett's esophagus which may ...

or the effect of a natural healing process in a narrow esophagus. Johansson et al. conclude that prophylactic use of PPIs reduces the formation of benign anastomotic strictures, as does the use of ...