For example, one might espouse deontological ethics, but believe that the laws should (for the most part) be aimed at maximizing utility. The Intersection of Positive and Normative Theory So far, we ...

At the same time it is true that the moral sciences without the facts of the descriptive as a basis are empty; the descriptive without the ideals of the normative are undistinguishable.

Paul Thagard, From the Descriptive to the Normative in Psychology and Logic, Philosophy of Science, Vol. 49, No. 1 (Mar., 1982), pp. 24-42 ...

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Christopher Simon Wareham, A Duty to Explore African Ethics?, Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, Vol. 20, No. 4, Special Issue: Moral Objectivity (August 2017), pp. 857-872 ...

A normative statement is a claim about how things ought to be. For example, “Jazz is better than pop music,” “If you want to pass the exam you should study,” “Killing an innocent person is wrong.” The ...