Beyond the ladder-like structure described above ... Modern laboratory techniques allow scientists to extract DNA from tissue samples, thereby pooling together miniscule amounts of DNA from ...

Using samples from the specimen ... which form the iconic “rungs” seen in the DNA ladder. There are just 45 gaps left in the sequence and experts hope to fill them as they continue to sequence ...

a separate piece of the sample was also found to contain the five nucleobases — adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil — which combine with ribose and phosphate to form DNA and RNA, the ladder ...