Every manufacturer of an HVAC digital control system uses the DDC to perform pretty much the same ... This is called the architecture of the system. A schematic diagram of a three-tier system is shown ...

One way to design and document control logic is using state machine diagrams, which are graphical representations of the possible states of a system and the transitions between them.

From a automation perspective the documentation and specification can be optimized by utilizing a standard called System Control Diagrams (SCDs). There is up to now no connection of the individual ...

In this paper, a rotor flux observer in the stator current vector orientation synchronous reference frame (DQ reference frame) is introduced and analyzed first. Then indirect vector control is ...