If you look at the block diagram on this page, you'll see there are five elements of an observer: the two inputs - the actual sensor output (Y) and the power converter output (plant excitation) PC - ...

The closed loop response is not longer dependent on the PA. Implementation of a PA control loop. A practical implementation of PA control loop circuit is given in Figure 3. The control loop consists ...

When examining the proportional control mode and the integral control mode, their actions are based on the assumption that a fairly fast control process was discussed. The discussion was made simpler ...