Using a USB-C phone with Power Delivery is ideal here, as it allows the phone to be powered while also communicating with the Arduino over USB. The RemoteXY app is built specifically for this purpose.

M5Stack CORE2- an ESP32 based dual-core WIFI & Bluetooth microcontroller for IoT development, with a capacitive touch screen that brings users a smoother human-computer interaction experience ...

Waveshare has recently released the ESP32-S3 2.06-inch AMOLED Touch, an ESP32-S3-based watch devkit with Wi-Fi 4, Bluetooth 5 ...

The Giga Display Shield (plug-in board) might fit the bill. It adds a 3.97inch 480 x 800 RGB touchscreen, digital microphone (MP34DT06JTR by ST), six-axis IMU (Bosch BMI270 inertial measurement unit), ...