Components Required: Arduino (e.g., Arduino Nano or Uno) Transistor (e.g., NPN transistor like 2N2222) or MOSFET (e.g., IRF540N) for driving the high-current load of the indicators Bike’s indicator ...

The Arduino pin (2 for left, 3 for right) connects to the base of the transistor through a 1kΩ resistor. The emitter of the transistor connects to ground (GND). The collector connects to the negative ...

2. Connect one of the servo’s yellow signal wires directly to Arduino pin 9, and the other servo’s signal wire directly to Arduino pin 10, as shown in the circuit diagram in Figure 10-4. 3.

In the Leonardo, an op-amp between the ATmega pin and the led means that loading is minimal and the pin can easily be used as an Arduino input. This buffer is missing on the Micro, which means even ...

In this paper, an experimental platform based Arduino microcontroller and GSM card has been performed and proposed for power system protection education. The experimental work carried out consists of ...

Electric vehicles (EVs) work on electric power supplied by portable energy storage devices such as batteries. This paper proposed a battery charging system with overcharging protection using an ...