Located about 100 kilometres west of the Arctic Ocean, the sprawling Muller Ice Cap on Axel Heiberg Island is ideally placed to record the climate history of the western High Arctic.

A stained and torn navigational chart donated two years ago to a museum in Maine turns out to be a document used on an infamous and ill-fated Arctic exploration voyage a century ago, experts say.

Incorporating the Inuit voice in the study of climate change is essential, Shirley says. If you're putting a microscope on the Arctic, you must incorporate that traditional knowledge piece.

The Arctic Ocean is likely to be effectively free of sea-ice by the end of summer at least once by 2050, and possibly even sooner. As the graph below shows, it's already experienced steep declines ...