Example 10.3: Kalman Filtering: Estimating an SSM Using the EM Algorithm This example estimates the normal SSM of the mink-muskrat data using the EM algorithm. The mink-muskrat series are detrended.

The algorithm might slip in categorizing text-based tweets as it might fail to contextualize tweets. But differentiating cats and dogs in a picture should be more straightforward.

We study the effect of Airbnb’s smart-pricing algorithm on the racial disparity in the daily revenue earned by Airbnb hosts. Our empirical strategy exploits Airbnb’s introduction of the algorithm and ...