Amplitude modulation (AM) was first introduced to enable long-range wireless audio communication, representing a major advancement over wireless telegraphy using spark-gap transmitters. Understanding ...

Simulation Environment: LTspice Inputs: Carrier Signal: Sine wave, frequency 100 kHz to 1 MHz, amplitude 1–5 V p-p. Message Signal: Sine wave, frequency 20 Hz to 20 kHz, amplitude 0.5–5 V p-p. Outputs ...

Equivalent modulator circuits are developed in the form of linear resistance networks. They are equivalent in the sense that the current magnitude in any mesh of the network is equal to the current ...

Field tests are described which investigate the transmission of compatible-single-sideband signals from a typical high-power transmitter for high-frequency broadcasting and which compare reception ...