So, you can easily make this home automation project at home just by using an ESP32 and relay module. Or you can also use a custom-designed PCB for this project. This is the complete circuit diagram ...

I simulated the circuit in TINA-TI, applied a sinusoidal input signal, and plotted input-output waveforms. Finally, I compared the theoretical and simulated gain values. Problem 2: Relay Module Design ...